Amazon Inventory Management 2024 Guide

Want to learn essential inventory management skills and stay on top of Amazon’s FBA capacity limits?

If you’re an Amazon seller, inventory management is an integral part of running a successful business. With it, you lessen the likelihood of encountering two major profit killers: losing sales by going out of stock, and accruing costly storage fees from overstocking.  

Good inventory management is about finding that perfect balance between too little and too much stock. With the right strategies in place, you’ll be able to figure out how often you need to reorder to maintain optimal inventory levels.

In this article, we’ll go over best practices for proper inventory management, as well as free and paid solutions you can use to automate your inventory.

FBA capacity limits

Effective March 1, 2023, Amazon replaced the weekly restock limits and quarterly storage volume limits with FBA capacity limits. The new FBA capacity management system will give most sellers more inventory capacity and control than the previous FBA inventory storage and restock limits. 

The two sets of inventory limits caused confusion and frustration amongst sellers – FBA capacity limits are a single monthly limit that determines how much inventory sellers can send and store at Amazon. 

Capacity limits are set during the third week of each month and help you plan up to three months in advance with estimated capacity limits. Each storage type in your account will have its own capacity limits (standard size, oversize, etc.). 

New professional sellers will not be subject to capacity limits because Amazon has not had the time to measure your inventory performance. Professional accounts that are at least 39 weeks old, will have capacity limits set based on your IPI score. The higher your IPI score is, the higher your capacity limits will be. 

What if you need more storage space? 

If you feel like you do not have enough capacity for your products or are launching a brand new product and need the room, sellers can request additional capacity based on a “reservation fee.” The reservation fee is a bid against other sellers. 

The sellers with the highest reservation fees will get priority over those who bid lower. Sellers’ reservation fees can be offset up to 100%, meaning sellers will not have to pay reservation fees as long as their new inventory sells through. 

How to access the FBA capacity manager

To view your Capacity Monitor, you will need to visit the new FBA dashboard in Seller Central. In this section, you can see a summarized view of your FBA business as well as your capacity usage per storage type as well as your estimated limits for the next three months.

2024 Update: Low-level inventory fee

Effective April 1, 2024, Amazon will introduce a new low-level inventory fee that will apply to standard-sized products with consistently low inventory relative to customer demand.

According to Amazon, “When sellers carry low inventory relative to unit sales, it inhibits our ability to distribute products across our network, degrading delivery speed and increasing our shipping costs.

The low-inventory-level fee will only apply if a product’s inventory levels relative to historical demand (known as historical days of supply) is below 28 days. We will only charge the low-inventory-level fee when both the long-term historical days of supply (last 90 days) and short-term historical days of supply (last 30 days) are below 28 days (4 weeks). For example, if a product’s short-term historical days of supply is above 28 days but long-term historical days of supply is below 28 days, the low-inventory-level fee won’t apply.

We will calculate the historical days of supply metric at the parent-product level, and will add the low-inventory-level fee to the FBA fulfillment fee for all shipped units of eligible products. Below is the low-inventory-level fee rate card.”

Why is Amazon inventory management important?

These days, customers don’t have patience for poor inventory management. Their expectations for convenience and delivery speed when shopping online are high: 68% of U.S. consumers expect their items to arrive within zero to three days of purchase, and 47% are willing to spend more for a product with faster shipping. Online shoppers don’t want to wait around for products to come back in stock — and the majority (70%) would be upset if their order arrived late.

If you constantly run out of inventory, your customers will have no choice but to purchase from your competitors, increasing their organic ranking as yours diminishes each day you’re out of stock. On the other hand, if you overstock your inventory, you tie up capital in your business and run the risk of long-term storage fees if utilizing FBA. 

Many factors affect inventory management as an Amazon seller: your supplier’s manufacturing and shipping times, customs delays, FBA storage capacity and fees, and sell-through rate all play a role.

When you first launch a new product on Amazon, it can be difficult to figure out how much inventory you should order based on current demand and competition. After all, your brand-new listing will have no reviews, and without that social proof it won’t convert as well as your competitors’ listings 一 at least not right away. 

Over time, you will learn how fast your inventory sells, so you can more accurately order to avoid overstocking or selling out completely. 

Common inventory issues Amazon sellers face

Most sellers run into inventory problems at some point 一 and that’s ok! You just need to be prepared to handle the issues that inevitably pop up. 

1. Running out of inventory 

Not having enough products in stock to meet demand can impact your sales as well as the overall ranking of your listing.

Here’s some great advice from Eva Hart, one of our Amazon experts here at Jungle Scout:

“Never go out of stock because it hurts your Best Seller Rank. A great way to stay in stock when you’re running low on inventory and waiting on a shipment is to slow things down on the demand side. You can do this by pausing marketing strategies such as off-channel ads or campaigns, and by setting a higher price point for your product. This will help brands keep the customers they already have, but slow down acquiring new ones.”

You want to avoid going out of stock at all costs — even if you have to intentionally slow your sales by toning down advertising and notching up your sales price. As Eva notes, customers familiar with your brand may continue to buy from you, but you’ll have a harder time reaching new customers unless you are already ranking well organically for your main keywords. 

The longer you are out of stock, the more damage you are causing to your Best Sellers Rank and organic keyword ranking. Amazon wants to promote products that are consistently available. If yours aren’t, you’ll be penalized, and it may be difficult for you to recover from lost ranking. 

2. Overstocking Amazon inventory

If your product has over 90 days of supply and/or at least one unit aged over 90 days, Amazon considers its excess inventory. Remember, Amazon is not a storage facility but a fulfillment center. They want products to move in and out within a 90-day span — the quicker the better. 

Excess inventory affects your overall IPI (inventory performance index) score. Having too much inventory in Amazon’s fulfillment centers, they will reduce your inventory capacity limits and charge you monthly and long-term storage fees. These bills add up — sometimes to sums greater than the value of your unsold inventory!

If you have inventory stored in FBA, Seller Central has the FBA Inventory performance tool to help you determine if you have excess inventory, as well as address stranded inventory and long-term seller fees.   

Even if you’re using FBM (fulfillment by Merchant), your money may be tied up in slow-moving inventory. If you are using a third-party fulfillment center, you could be accumulating storage fees with them as well. 

3. Stranded inventory

Stranded inventory is a common issue many sellers don’t know how to fix. This happens when inventory stored in Amazon’s warehouse is no longer connected to an active listing on Amazon. It’s basically in limbo — it’s sellable, but no customers can actually purchase it. 

The worst part about stranded inventory is that even if your products are not listed for sale, you will still be charged monthly storage fees for each unit. 

Luckily, Amazon will list the inventory that is stranded within the Fix stranded inventory tool. You just need to actively check this section every so often, as you will not receive alerts from Amazon. 

It is a confusing topic, so if you come across this issue, please read our guide on the “Reasons for Amazon Stranded Inventory and How to Address Them.” 

4. Aged inventory surcharge (previously known as long term storage fees)

Let’s come back to the topic of carrying excess inventory in an Amazon fulfillment center. It’s another thing you should avoid,  as you can rack up a large bill from Amazon, depending on how many of your stored units are considered long-term. 

Around the 18th of each month, Amazon assesses its entire fulfillment network to calculate the age of each seller’s stored inventory. Your inventory age is calculated from the day it arrives at FBA warehouses. Any inventory that has been stored in a fulfilment center for more than 271 days will be subject to the aged inventory surcharge in addition to the usual monthly storage fees. Amazon will also continue to charge the aged inventory surcharge for units stored for longer than 365 days. 

For units aged 271-365 days, you will be charged $1.50 per cubic foot. For units aged for 365 days or more, you will be charged $6.90 per cubic foot or $0.15 per unit, whichever is greater.

Here are some fee examples provided on Amazon’s Aged Inventory Surcharge page:

Amazon’s new FBA Inventory Tool combines features from old inventory tools to show you inventory-specific metrics, actions, and recommendations across restock, excess, aged, unfulfillable, and stranded inventory types in a single view to simplify FBA inventory management.

6 tips for properly managing FBA inventory

Stay ahead of your competitors with proper inventory management skills. Let’s go over a few tips and strategies to follow so you have more control over your inventory.

1. Keep a close relationship with your supplier

You should put in effort to build and nurture relationships with your suppliers — they’re responsible for bringing  your product ideas to life! 

If you have a good relationship with your supplier, they will often prioritize your orders over another customer of theirs. Otherwise, you may be waiting a long time for your products to be completed, causing a stockout on your end. Understand how they work and how you as a brand can make their job easier. 

“Many large brands have an employee dedicated to supplier relationship management,” Hard said. “They often take trips to Asia (or wherever) to visit suppliers and have a regular cadence for communication.”

Respect and proper communication go a long way with your suppliers. If you treat them right, they will treat you right. 

As you work more closely with your supplier, you’ll have a solid understanding of the lead times in your supply chain. Knowing how long it takes to manufacture, ship, and be received at Amazon is a must.  

2. Maintain around 60 days of supply

Do your best to keep around 60 days of inventory on hand at all times to cover your expected sales volume. This will help you avoid overstocking as well as going out of stock. You can forecast your sales volume by reviewing Amazon’s inventory reports as well as by monitoring your sell-through rate. 

Your sell-through rate for FBA is measured by how well you are balancing your inventory levels and sales. It’s calculated by dividing the total units sold and shipped to customers over the past 90 days by the average number of FBA inventory units during that same time period. 

You can see your sell-through rate for each product you sell in the FBA Inventory Tool, or overall sell-through rate in Inventory Performance.

A sell-through rate is over 7 is considered excellent. This means you are selling 7 times more units than you are storing on average. If your sell-through rate is less than 1, this means you held more inventory than you sold in the past 90 days.

A low sell-through rate means you are overstocking units and need to figure out ways to reduce your inventory in FBA.

3. Reduce excess inventory 

If you overestimated the sales volume of one of your products, don’t worry! It happens to everyone 一 even big brands. 

There are a few different ways to deal with excess inventory on Amazon FBA. 

• Run promotions: This can include using coupons codes, buy-one-get-one deals, or running steep discounts. Lowering your price is usually a great way to accelerate sales for slow-moving inventory. Even if you’re taking a slight loss in sale price, it could amount to less than what you would owe in long-term storage fees if the units continue to sit in storage. 
• Raise your keyword bids: If you are running ads for your products (which you should be doing anyway), a good way to get in front of more customers to get rid of the product is to raise the bids on keywords you are targeting. This strategy, paired with lowering your price, is a sure-fire way to move stale inventory. 
• Create a removal order: If you have another place to store inventory other than Amazon, create a removal order in Seller Central and have the inventory sent to you before getting hit with large storage fees. Amazon may also run promotions where they will remove the inventory for free.
• Liquidate the inventory: Liquidation is usually a last resort but if all other efforts fail, you can try to sell all of your remaining inventory in bulk at a large discount. This will allow you to gain back some capital that can be reinvested into a better-selling product.  
• Donate the inventory: You also have the option of donating your products to charity organizations or non-profit such as Goodwill. You can often write off the donated inventory on your taxes to make up for the losses.

4. Plan for the unexpected

Not everything runs smoothly all the time. You may have delays with your supplier, shipping delays, customs delays, FBA warehouse delays, and other issues. The COVID pandemic was a perfect example of this: disrupted manufacturing and supply chains resulted in 53% of U.S. consumers experiencing difficulty finding products online beginning in March 2020. 

If you can, order backup units just in case something happens along your supply chain. 

This can include storing extra units in your own warehouse or even using a third-party storage/fulfillment center. In the event of a delay, you can maintain stock in FBA without worry, or even fulfill orders using FBM.

This is only recommended if you can accurately predict the demand for your product and have the ability to order and store additional units. Do not order extra if you are short on capital or storage space. 

5. Lower the demand for your product if running low on inventory

As we mentioned above, you can influence demand by raising your price and pausing your advertising campaigns if you are running low on inventory. This is a great way to maintain your in-stock rate, as it helps improve your IPI score. 

It is better to slow down your sales, even if it slightly affects your rankings, than it is to completely go out of stock. Once you have a healthy amount of inventory available in FBA, you can resume your normal price points and advertising campaigns. 

6. Use inventory management software

Having a reliable inventory management system in your arsenal will put you way ahead of any competitors who aren’t using one. Software such as Jungle Scout’s Inventory Manager will help you effectively manage your inventory levels and mitigate the risks we talked about above. 

Inventory Manager is an advanced demand forecasting tool designed to accurately calculate your inventory needs for your Amazon FBA business. The tool will predict future sales based on demand that will help you determine how much inventory to order to avoid stockouts or overstocking. 

Jungle Scout’s Inventory Manager can help

To fully automate inventory management for your Amazon business, there is no better tool for the job than Jungle Scout’s Inventory Manager. This tool’s game-changing benefit is that it accurately predicts how much inventory you need and when to order it. 

While Amazon’s internal tools and reports can help you figure out the age of your inventory and ways to deal with excess inventory, Inventory Manager will calculate the exact date you should reorder your inventory along with the estimated costs and profits. The tool will mark each product as “Reorder Now,” “Reorder Soon,” “Overstock,” and “In Stock” to give a quick overview of your inventory needs. That way, you can avoid future stockouts.

Inventory Manager is available with the Suite or Professional Jungle Scout plans. 

Always stay in stock with proper inventory management

Not only does proper inventory management keep your best-selling products in stock at all times, but it also prevents you from overstocking slow-moving items and tying up capital in your business.

We hope this guide shows you how important inventory management really is. By using the tools provided by Amazon and a reliable inventory management system such as Inventory Manager, your Amazon business will be running efficiently and profitably. 

Do you have any more questions about managing your inventory? Let us know in the comments!